That Titanic Tune
31 Jan 2012
Nearly 100 years after the Titanic sank in the Atlantic, it looks like one mystery will never be solved... just what tune did the band play as the ship went down?
The widely accepted story is that it was the hymn Nearer, My God, To Thee, which some survivors claimed to have heard, and that indeed is the tune engraved on the Colne grave of bandmaster Wallace Hartley, a Lancashire hero who is also claimed by Yorkshire, the county where he flourished as a professional musician.
But other theories have been put forward, centring on other tunes that Hartley and his band would have known, and historian and author Yvonne Speak revives the controversy in a new edition of her book A Hymn For Eternity – The Story of Wallace Hartley, Titanic Bandmaster.
Burnley-born Yvonne, who lives at Waterfoot, Rossendale, and writes under her maiden name Yvonne Carroll, first became fascinated by the Titanic story when she saw James Cameron’s 1997 multi-Oscar-winning movie Titanic, starring Leonardo di Caprio and Kate Winslet. Its spectacular special effects, based on a two-thirds size replica of the ship and enhanced by computer generated images, recreated the tragedy in realistic detail.
“I thought the fictitious love story of Jack and Rose was just awful, but the rest of the film had mostly been very well researched,” says Yvonne. “Cameron had followed the time line exactly.”
Bitten by the Titanic bug, Yvonne combed the archives in Lancashire, Yorkshire and Kew, and sought out the homes where the Hartley family lived. Husband Chris Speak took the photographs, and the first edition of her book was published in 2002 for the 90th anniversary.
Yvonne’s own theory about the band’s last tune was that it was probably as reported by radio operator Harold Bride, who would have been nearer to the orchestra than other survivors as the ship slipped under the icy waters. He said he heard them play a tune called Autumn. Although there was a hymn tune called Autumn, it was used for God of Mercy and Compassion and also as an alternative tune for Guide Me O Thou Great Redeemer. What Bride was more likely to be referring to, Yvonne believes, was Songe D’Autonne (meaning ‘Dream of Autumn’), a popular waltz which was often known as just Autumn because of its French title.

It was number 137 in the White Star Line Music Book – the musicians had to know every tune’s number by heart - while Nearer, My God, To Thee was not in the book. Some survivors also spoke of hearing a waltz.
Survivors in the lifeboats heard the orchestra playing, but their distance from the ship, plus the confusion of that fateful night, casts some doubt over what they heard. However, the reports of the orchestra heroically playing Nearer, My God, To Thee soon gained credence, widely reported in the newspapers and becoming the stuff of legend.
One of Wallace’s musician friends from Leeds, Ellwand Moody, once said he had been on the liner Mauretania when the conversation turned to what they might play if the ship was to sink. Wallace told him: “I don’t think I could do better than play O God Our Help In Ages Past or Nearer, My God, To Thee.” However, a journalist who once raised the subject with Wallace said he told him: “I know every one of the men would stick with me and play until the waters engulfed us... lively music, of course. None of your hymns, although I do love them dearly.” He added: “My favourite is Nearer, My God, To Thee but I’m keeping that one reserved for my funeral.”
Despite the uncertainty that still exists, there is no doubt that Wallace Hartley and his gallant musicians played on until they could play no more, earning their rightful place in history.
Revised and republished for the centenary of the disaster, A Hymn For Eternity traces the hero’s life story.
Wallace Henry Hartley was born on June 2, 1878, to Albion and Elizabeth Hartley – Hartley was and still is a common Colne surname – at Greenfield Hill, now Greenfield Road, a little enclave of mill cottages off Barrowford Road. The house is still there, as are other local homes where the family lived in Colne, at 1 Burnley Road off Primet Hill, in Albert Road next to the Crown Hotel, and in Carr Road, Nelson.
His Wesleyan Methodist parents sent him to George Street School, which still stands today as a business centre, and a schoolmate recalled in the 1950s that Wallace was “a very nice nice lad, a bit what you might call roughish... but he was very smart looking, a lad with a sense of fun.”

Albion Hartley’s business and financial ability had earned him promotion to manager at Greenfield Mill, but a disastrous fire that destroyed the mill sent him seeking other employment. He became an agent with Refuge Assurance in Manchester Road, Nelson. Subsequent promotions would necessitate the Hartley family moving to Somerset Road, in Huddersfield, homes in Milnsbridge and Storth, just outside Huddersfield, Hillcrest Avenue in Leeds and West Park Street in Dewsbury.
The Hartley family was a musical one. Albion Hartley was choirmaster at Bethel Chapel in Burnley Road, Colne - where the chapel has gone but the former Sunday School still survives for worship - and young Wallace sang in the choir. Elder sister Mary became a noted solo singer. Wallace’s parents paid for his violin lessons with private tutors, and he joined Colne Orchestral Society, an organisation which is still playing in 2012.
Young Wallace’s first job was at the Union Bank, 17 Albert Road, Colne, where he was said to be “steady, attentive and capable” but he harboured ambitions to make music his profession. He was 17 when the family moved to Huddersfield, and he joined the Huddersfield Philharmonic Orchestra. By the time he was 21 and finding his clerk’s job ‘irksome’ he became a professional musician, and his first post was thought to be with the Moody-Manners opera company. In 1903 he became first violin with Bridlington Municipal Orchestra and later joined the orchestra at the fashionable Collinson’s Cafe in Leeds, where he met his future fiancée, Maria Robinson. He played for a while with the Carla Rosa touring opera company, then in 1909 joined the Cunard Line as a musician on the Lusitania, which was to be notoriously sunk by the German navy during the First World War.
In 1910 Wallace was appointed bandmaster on the Mauretania, Blue Riband holder as the fastest ship to cross the Atlantic, and it was a happy time on a popular ship.
By 1912, the musicians were not employed directly by the liner companies but by an agency, the brothers CW and FN Black, of Liverpool, reducing their status from crew to second-class passengers and slashing their wages from £6 to £4 a month.
After disembarking from the Mauretania in Liverpool in April 9, the agents told him their bandmaster for the Titanic’s maiden voyage the next day had just become a father and did not wish to sail, so they offered him the job. Wallace asked his friend Ellwand Moody to sail with him, but he had a strange presentiment about such a huge vessel and felt ‘something would happen.’ He returned home to Leeds, while Wallace hurried to Southampton.
The White Star Line’s Titanic was not meant to be the fastest transatlantic liner, but was 100 feet longer than the rival Cunarder Mauretania and was claimed to be the most luxurious ship afloat, as well as the largest man-made moving object.
Some of the richest and most influential people of the day were on board, and Wallace’s orchestra kept them entertained with a range of music ranging from operetta and marches to ragtime and cakewalks, all from the 352 tunes in the White Star book.
Just before midnight of April 14, the gaiety came to a dreadful halt when the Titanic, ignoring ice warnings and steaming at 22.5 knots through a glass-smooth ocean, encountered an iceberg dead ahead. Turning to port, the ship avoided a head-on collision but the iceberg buckled hull plates below the waterline for a length of 300 feet. The ship was divided into watertight compartments up to the level of E Deck, and could have survived with four of them flooded. Tragically, five were flooding, and the ship’s doom was inevitable. Ironically, the ship would have survived a head-on collision.
At a quarter past midnight, Wallace Hartley’s orchestra, wearing their blue uniforms, assembled in the first-class lounge and began to play a selection of music, intending to keep the passengers from panicking.
What happened next has been well recorded in contemporary news accounts and during the subsequent inquiry which sought to place responsibility for the tragedy. Controversy has raged over the lack of lifeboats, the competence of the crew, whether a nearby ship ignored distress flares, and the role of White Star boss Bruce Ismay, who survived while 1,500 perished.
There is certainly no argument over the hero status that Wallace Hartley earned. His body was recovered, with his violin case strapped to his body, and taken to Halifax, Nova Scotia, and thence via Boston on the White Star ship, Arabic, to Liverpool, where a devastated but dignified Albion Hartley was waiting at the quayside on May 17.
The 60-mile journey to Colne by horse-drawn hearse took ten hours, arriving at Bethel chapel at 1am. Later that day, the main street of Colne was thronged with an estimated 30,000 people – more than the town’s entire population – as the funeral procession, half a mile long and including at least five bands and the Mayor’s carriage, made its way to the cemetery in Keighley Road, at the other end of town. Some survivors of the Titanic disaster were among the mourners.
As the coffin was lowered into the ground, the Bethel chapel choir sang Nearer, My God, To Thee.

A Hymn For Eternity – The Story of Wallace Hartley, Titanic Bandmaster, by Yvonne Carroll, £8.99 paperback, www.thehistorypress.co.uk
Article from Northern Life issue 42 February/March 2012.
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